威爾士文化 Wales Culture
“Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch”
☝️ This is the longest place name in Europe, and it's a village in Wales.🤭
這是歐洲最長的地名，是位於威爾斯的一個村莊。
在布雷肯比肯斯的騎馬 Horse riding in the Brecon Beacons 👉
I've been travelling around in rainy Wales, finding sheep blocking the road and lots of interesting food like Welsh cakes, cawl (lamb soup) and rarebit (like cheese on toast)!
我一直在雨水瀰漫的威爾斯旅行，路途中發現有綿羊擋住了道路，還有很多有趣的食物，像威爾斯蛋糕、cawl（羊肉湯）和稀奇古怪（烤芝士土司）！
The Brecon Beacons, Wales 👇
The language of Welsh is spoken by around 900,000 people, or 29% of the population of Wales. Around half of those speakers consider themselves to be fluent. I've been hearing people speak it on the street -- it's a fascinating language!
威爾斯語是約有900,000人講的語言，佔威爾斯人口的29%。其中大約一半的講者自認為能夠流利使用該語言。當我實際在街上聽到人們說威爾斯語，覺得真是令人著迷的語言！
Did you know there's been a revival of Celtic cultures in the UK since the 19th century? The Romans wiped out much of their culture in 1st century BCE, but recently the number of people speaking Welsh is actually growing. There's been a big push to revive the language, for example some schools teach everything in Welsh, and some jobs require bilingualism or give advantages to those who can speak Welsh. Welsh people, as well as the Irish and Scottish, are known to be proud of their identities as being distinctive from the English.
你知道嗎，自19世紀以來，英國凱爾特文化一直在復興中？羅馬人在公元前1世紀摧毀了他們的文化，但最近講威爾斯語的人數實際上在增加。已經有一股強烈的趨勢來復興這種語言，例如有些學校全部以威爾斯語授課，有些工作需要雙語或給能講威爾斯語的人優勢。威爾斯人以及愛爾蘭人和蘇格蘭人都以自己的獨特身份為榮，與英格蘭人有所不同。
There are considered to be six Celtic languages alive today: Welsh, Irish, Scottish, Breton, Cornish and Manx (historically there were around 16). These languages have some similarities to each other but are not mutually intelligible, a bit like Mandarin and Cantonese. However, there are basically no similarities between English and Celtic languages!
目前被認為活躍的凱爾特語言有六種：威爾斯語、愛爾蘭語、蘇格蘭語、布列塔尼語、康瓦爾語和曼島語（歷史上約有16種）。這些語言彼此有些相似，但不太能互相理解，有點像普通話和廣東話。然而，英語與凱爾特語言之間幾乎沒有相似之處！
Four Waterfalls Walk ☝️
The earliest records of the Celts date to around 700BC, and we can be sure they were there long before that. They left no written accounts of themselves, so we're left with (biased) accounts from the Romans and Greeks. The Celts were described as barbaric warriors who put up a good fight. They were also known to like a good party!
最早的凱爾特人記錄可以追溯到公元前700年左右，而實際上他們存在的時間可能更長。他們並未留下自己的文字記錄，所以我們只能依賴來自羅馬人和希臘人（可能不完全客觀）的記載。凱爾特人被描述為野蠻的戰士，但他們也喜歡趴踢。
You might actually be familiar with some Celtic culture, because it inspired a lot of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings films. The Celtic religion involved sacrificing animals to many different Gods. Celtic folklore includes ghosts, monsters and guardian spirits. There was a strong tradition of oral storytelling, which makes it hard to separate myth from fact. Their culture is shrouded in mystery!
你可能對一些凱爾特文化很熟悉，因為它啟發了很多《哈利波特》和《魔戒》的電影。凱爾特宗教包括向多個神獻祭動物。凱爾特民間故事中有鬼怪、怪物和守護靈。他們有一個悠久的口述傳統，這使得將神話和事實分開有些困難。他們的文化充滿了神秘感！
👈 Llangorse Lake
In case you're interested, I'm an eighth Welsh and a quarter Irish. My felt connections to these cultures have been basically lost, since my Grandma moved to England from Ireland in the 1960s, and passed away over a decade ago. The Welsh connection is from Henry VII as he came from Wales gathering troops to fight Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. The relatives on my grandmother's side are still called Tudor -- fun fact!
如果你有興趣的話，我是八分之一威爾斯人和四分之一愛爾蘭人。由於我奶奶在1960年代從愛爾蘭搬到英格蘭，而且在十多年前去世，我對這些文化的聯繫幾乎已經消失。而和威爾斯的關聯是因為亨利七世來自威爾斯，在1485年波斯沃思戰役中集結了軍隊對抗理查三世。告訴大家一個有趣的事實，我祖母那邊的親戚至今仍被稱為“Tudor”(都鐸) 呢！
※Tudor：都鐸，意為英國的都鐸王朝（1485－1603）
If you want to learn more about Celtic culture, Florence is the expert on this, as she is half Irish and half Scottish and grew up in Scotland. She did an English Literature degree, so she's familiar with a lot of the traditions and legends from her studies too!
如果你想更多了解凱爾特文化，Florence是這方面的專家，她是愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭混血，並在蘇格蘭長大。她擁有修讀英國文學學位，對她的學習領域裡的許多歷史傳統和傳說非常熟悉！
Overall, the West of the UK is rich in history: Arthur's Stone is a tomb that dates from 3,700 BC – 2,700 BC, and of course there's Stonehenge, a mysterious monument constructed between around 3000 BC to 2000 BC. In the surrounding areas, you can find lots of new age spiritual culture, such as in the town of Glastonbury -- some believe this area has special 'spiritual energy' due to its rich history, and Jesus was believed to have visited here as a small boy.
總的來說，英國西部擁有豐富的歷史：亞瑟之石是一座可追溯到公元前3700年至2700年的有蓋墓室，當然還有巨石陣，這是一個神秘的紀念碑，建造於公元前約3000年至2000年。在周邊地區，你可以發現很多新時代的靈性文化，比如在格拉斯頓伯里鎮，有人相信這個地區因其悠久的歷史而擁有特殊的“靈性能量”，而且據說大家相信耶穌小時候曾經拜訪過這裡。
Arthur’s Stone 👉
Remember, if you're planning on coming to this beautiful place, you're in luck, as my Ultimate UK Travel Course still has a few days left of its Early Bird sale! Grab it by 31st July to avoid missing out 😄
溫馨提醒，如果你未來有計劃到這美麗的地方旅行，你很幸運，因為我的《終極英國旅行課程》的早鳥優惠只剩幾天了！在7月31日之前訂購，以避免錯過優惠 :)
Sale Now On
〰️
Sale Now On 〰️
《終極英國旅遊生活速成班》
課程內容
第一部分：搭機前往英國 ✈️
1-1 搭飛機實用的英文詞彙
1-2 過海關
第二部分：前往下一個目的地 🚖
2-1 英國旅行基礎101：火車、巴士或其他
2-2 與計程車司機交流會用到的實用英語
2-3 如何尋求路線指引
第三部分：尋找住宿地點 🏠
3-1 尋找旅館
3-2 尋找公寓
3-3 住宿（Bonus課程）
第四部分：與人交談 🗣
4-1 購物英文會話
4-2 購買食物英文會話
4-3 餐廳英文會話 + 餐桌禮儀
4-4 英式Pub文化：如何點酒？+ 茶文化
4-5 如何獲得醫療服務 + 英國的醫療系統
4-6 看醫生
4-7 緊急情況下使用的英語
4-8 英國人最愛的small talk 閒聊技巧
第五部分：提升溝通能力 💬
5-1 如何增強自信心
5-2 在英國必須了解的慣用語（Part 1）
5-3 必須掌握的慣用語（Part 2）
5-4 聽當地人的說話語速和真實對話
5-5 如何確保其他人理解你想表達的意思
5-6 在不理解時該怎麼做
第六部分：英國文化 💂
6-1 帶你了解英式食物
6-2 倫敦的歷史與文化
6-3 英國俚語
6-4 理解不同的口音
6-5 練習最常見的英國口音
6-6 英國旅遊的標誌性地點
6-7 英國的約會文化（Bonus課程）
總結：英國旅行終極實用懶人包 📒
（建議出發前天拿出來快速複習！）
課程將於8月1日正式開始，連續兩週解鎖完整課程，之後不限觀看次數，永久有效。
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